L'article Numerical Evaluation of Aerosol Propagation in Wind Instruments Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, co-écrit par Tristan Soubrié et Julien Néchab d'Andheo, Romain Viala du centre de formation et de recheche ITEMM, et Milena Creton et Michael Jousserand de l'entreprise Buffet Crampon, vient d'être publié dans la revue Air, Volume 2, Issue 3 (September 2024) sous la référence Air 2024, 2(3), 292-310; DOI: 10.3390/air2030017.
Il décrit les travaux de simulation numérique réalisés dans le contexte de l'épidémie de Covid-19 visant à évaluer les risques de propagation aéroportée liés à la pratique d'instruments de musique à vent.
En voici le résumé :
This paper examines aerosol propagation in wind instruments through numerical analysis, focusing on particle trajectories within five types of wind instruments: saxophone, clarinet, flute, oboe, and trumpet. Using a computational fluid dynamics approach, it is found that larger particles are deposited within the instruments, while smaller micron-sized particles predominantly exit through the bell. The impact of the instrument’s geometry on aerosol dynamics is quantified; cylindrical instruments (clarinet, flute) show an increased rate of small droplet deposition or escape through tone holes compared to conical instruments (saxophone, oboe). Instruments with steep turnings, such as the trumpet, exhibited significant particle deposition. The study suggests that deposited particles are likely to move towards re-emission points, driven by gravity and airflow, especially in straight-shaped instruments. Integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a complementary approach to traditional experimental methods provides insights into aerosol transmission mechanisms in musical settings. This methodology not only aids in understanding aerosol behavior but also supports the development of safer musical and educational environments, contributing to the field.
Avec des données numériques portant sur plusieurs instruments de musique, l'article vient utilement compléter la précédente publication Experimental and numerical investigation on aerosols emission in musical practice and efficiency of reduction means, des mêmes auteurs avec les contributions additionnelles de Vincent Crenn et Joris Léglise de la société Addair, publiée dans le Journal of Aerosol Science de Novembre 2022 sous la référence DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2022.106051. Ce dernier incluait en plus des données expérimentales mais se limitait à la clarinette :
Early in the CoViD-19 pandemic, musical practices, especially singing and playing wind instruments, have been pointed out as having a high risk disease transmission due to aerosol production. However, characterization of these emission sources was not consolidated. This study focuses on the generation of aerosols and potential reduction in the context of playing wind instruments and singing. Aerosol concentration reduction means are evaluated using aerosol measurements in clean room and Computational Fluid Dynamics. Measurements at the bell of a clarinet and in front of singers are performed with or without a protection (bell cover for clarinet and surgical mask for singers). Numerical results on clarinet suggest that most of the supermicron (≥1μm) particles are trapped on the walls of the instruments, which act as a filter, depending on toneholes configurations (closed or opened) changing the frequency of sound produced. Experimental results are consistent since almost only submicron particles contribute to the measured number concentration during playing clarinet. First of all, the high inter and intra-individuals variability is highlighted, with high coefficients of variation. This study highlights the impact of fingerings on the generated particles and the efficiency of protections such as bell cover (from 3 to 100 times), depending on the played note and players. Results for singers show that surgical masks significantly reduce the aerosol concentration (from 8 to 170 times) in front of the mouth. The evolution of aerosol concentration is also correlated with sound intensity.
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